150
Dynamics
of
the
Vascular
System
Bio-fluid dynamics for various arterial bifurcations have been
intensively investigated. In the studies of bifurcations,
two
general
shapes, such as T-shaped and Y-shaped branching morphology have
been used (Lou and Yang, 1992). The aortic carotid iliac and coronary
bifurcations are considered Y-shaped, while renal femoral, celiac and
mesenteric branching are considered T-shaped in fluid mechanical
studies. These are illustrated in Figs. 5.2.1 and 5.2.2.
Fig.
5.2.3:
Transformation of branch geometry to a rectangular mesh: (a) frontal-plane
radiograph
of
the bifurcations, (b) the untransformed grid in the
X-Y
plane obtained from
the radiograph, (c)the transformed grid in the u-v plane where the inner wall have been
mapped onto the horizontal slit.
From
Friedman and Ehrlich
(1
984).
The importance
of
area ratios is dealt in the next section. Area ratios
and curvatures of flow divider and lateral junctions are major geometric
parameters considered in the formulation of many fluid mechanical
